How to Start an LLC: Step-by-Step Guide (All 50 States)
Forming an LLC costs $50–$500 depending on state, takes 1–4 weeks, and protects personal assets from business debts. Here's the exact process.
Choose a State to Form In
Most small businesses should form in their home state — despite what you've heard about Delaware and Wyoming. Out-of-state LLCs still pay "foreign registration" fees in the state where they do business. Delaware makes sense for venture-backed companies expecting investors. Wyoming is worth it for holding companies or privacy.
Pick a Name and Check Availability
Your name must include "LLC," "L.L.C.," or "Limited Liability Company." Check availability on your state's Secretary of State website — most have free search tools. Also search the USPTO trademark database if you plan to go national. Reserve the domain and social handles before filing.
File Articles of Organization
File with your state's Secretary of State (sometimes called "Certificate of Organization"). Cost: $50 (Kentucky) to $500 (Massachusetts). Most states process in 1–2 weeks; expedite for $50–$200. Provide: LLC name, registered agent name/address, member names (some states), and business purpose.
Get a Registered Agent
Every LLC needs a registered agent — someone available during business hours to receive legal documents. You can be your own registered agent (free), or hire a service like Northwest Registered Agent ($125/year) or ZenBusiness ($199/year). Services keep your home address off public records.
Get Your EIN and Open a Business Account
Apply for an EIN at IRS.gov — free, takes 5 minutes, issued immediately. Then open a dedicated business checking account. Mixing personal and business funds is the #1 way to lose LLC liability protection ("piercing the corporate veil").